Анализ ЮКОСа. Деятельность, стратегии развития, история
Анализ ЮКОСа. Деятельность, стратегии развития, история
YUKOS` Mission is to
contribute to economic prosperity and social progress in the regions where the
Company does business.
YUKOS` Primary Challenge is to make the Company work as effectively as
possible in the interests of our shareholders, employees, partners, customers,
and society as a whole.
Brief story of YUKOS
Headquartered in
Moscow, Russia, YUKOS is one of Russia's largest and fastest-growing publicly
traded fully integrated petroleum companies and a leader in production,
refining, light product yield, and market capitalization growth in Russia. The
Company is involved in just about every aspect of the oil industry, from the
well head to the filling station, and is now seeking to become a large gas
producer as well. YUKOS' principal production assets are located in the
Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District and Tomsk Region of Western Siberia and the
Samara Region along the Volga River in European Russia. Recent acquisitions
have expanded the Company's reach into Eastern Siberia and the Yamal Nenetsk
Autonomous District in Russia's Far North. YUKOS has five principal refineries
in Russia, ranging geographically from the Samara Region in the west to Angarsk
near Lake Baikal in Eastern Siberia, as well as being the majority owner and
operator of the largest refinery in the Baltic States, in Mazeikiai, Lithuania.
YUKOS also runs eighteen distribution companies and more than 1,100 filling
stations under the YUKOS brand name. The Company currently employs about
100,000 people. YUKOS' international management team is committed to
implementing global best practices such as good corporate governance and
transparency, improving efficiency and performance, and creating superior value
for its shareholders, customers, and employees.
Soviet Oil Industry Restructured
In the early 1990s, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, in Russia began privatisation, because government did
not have enought money to keep all plants and factories that were nationalised
in the 1930th -1950th. . At this time were formed Russian
gangsterism and mafia. People from government and their friends were the first
who began to buy property. The same situation was in the Russian oil industry - it consisted of
hundreds of stand-alone state-owned entities, each with a narrow area of
specialization, limited geographic reach, and specific economic interests. Many
of these were inefficient, unprofitable, and overstaffed, and survived only by
virtue of continued state support. The Russian government set out to
fundamentally restructure the sector to make it viable in a global market
environment by combining groups of existing entities and corporatizing them to
create vertically integrated oil companies. Thus it was that YUKOS was founded
on April 15, 1993 by Decree No. 354 of the Russian government.
First Fully Privatized Russian Oil Company
In 1995 structure YUKOS` included association
"Samarneftegas", new marketing enterprises, line of research
institutes. At the end of 1997 YUKOS having paid more than $ 1 billion, became
the owner of a control package of the shares of East petroleum company uniting
12 enterprises at the centre of Siberia. In 2000 YUKOS has got 68 % of the
shares of East-Siberian oil and gas company. In 2001 YUKOS became the owner of
Angarkaya petrochemical company in Irkutsk area. In April, 2002 YUKOS has got
49 % of the shares state Slovak oil company Transpetrol - operator of main oil
pipelines in territory of Slovakia. Besides in 2002 the Company carried out the
bargain on purchase of a package of the shares of the Lithuanian concern
Mazeikiu Nafta, into which enter Mazheykyayskiy petrochemical plant, terminal
Buteinge and Birzhayskiy oil pipelines. Today YUKOS is the largest shareholder
Mazeikiu Nafta and has the rights to operation of business. In an active of the
Company have appeared "Arktikzan", "Rospan" and
"Urengoil".
Results
of the 2003 year
·
105 000 highly professional
employees
·
80,8 millions of tons of the
extracted petroleum in 2003
·
38,1 millions of tons of the
advanced petroleum in 2003
·
5,65 billions a cube m of the
extracted gas in 2003
·
16,0 billions barrels of the
proved stocks of petroleum and gas,
·
$ 300 millions of the dividends on
results of 2000, $ 500 millions of the dividends on results of 2001, $ 700
millions of the dividends on results of 2002 and about $ 2 billions for the
first 9 months of 2003
The director.
The
founder and director of the company since 1993 was Mikhail Khodorkovskiy.
October 25, during a trip of regions, Khodorkovskiy was arrested in
Novosibirsk under the petition of the main court of Russia. It is considered,
that one of the contracts made in 1993 was illegal. The trial proceeds.
Type of management
of the company
The hierarchy is a organisation
type of management of the
company, when the headperson is one man (director, chief), he is in control of some managers, and hundreds of people working for them. Very often the hierarchy type is a autocratic control system and is used in the majority of the companies of such
size. YUKOS - typical example of hierarchy. The leader of the company till recent time was Mikhail Khodorkovskiy. Now that
M. Khodorkovskiy is on trial the
American Steven Theede has
taken over his position. The
system of hierarchy allows the management to
quickly and precisely give back
the orders to the employees of the firm. It
also helps to keep the company in order and minimises mistakes.
Arrangement of the company in economy
The YUKOS company occupies primary and teasury parts of the economy. It means, that the company itself
extracts and processes minerals. For this purpose YUKOS
expands sits phere of products
to influence the customers and buys the new companies. For creation of good image of the
company, YUKOS tries to make its
petrol station more convenient
and comfortable, and the prices for petrol – make less. Teasury
part of YUKOS – means that the organization sells petrol to the
consumers on Yukos petrol stations or exports to other countries. Accordingly YUKOS
owns small local auto and railway companies to transport petroleum
from region to region, from the country to the
country.
The
management of the company
YUKOS is a private sector company. The team of high quality managers operates YUKOS. They
have a wide experience of work in the
petroleum industry, bank sector and government. They combine modern business
thinking and innovation in their approaches with professionalism and
purposefulness. Their knowledge and skills multiplied by financial and
technical resources of YUKOS is a pledge of the further successes of the
company.
The management of the company are
on independent Board of
directors, which structure includes the known representatives of the
international business, scientists and chiefs of regional administrations, in
which territory the enterprises YUKOS work. The managers of the Company (both
working, and retirement) make
up 6 out of 15 places on the Board
of directors.
Actual owners of the company is a small number of the shareholders. The
greatest number of the shares belong to the former owner M. Khodorkovskiy. 7 percents of the shares belong
to Platon Lebedeff, also on the trial with M. Khodorkovskiy.
The
objectives of YUKOS
The complex program of reorganization of the petroleum
selling system on a home market creates
new objectives for the company , the main ones being:
·
increase of a share on the russian
market of the company;
·
strengthening of positions
of YUKOS in traditional regions;
·
an expansion of market territories;
·
re-structuring of a retail
network;
·
reduction of culture of
sales, quality and assortment of sold production in conformity with the
worldstandards.
·
making the service of sales,
quality and assortment of the sold product the same as world standarts.
The program of reorganization of the Company`s
marketing activities, which is successfully developing now, it includes
the projects on expansion and modernization of an existing net of petrol stations in territory of regions of traditional presence and
creation of a retail network in new territories, introduction of the uniform
automated control system on a net of
petrol stations, creation of
complexes fuel stations
On what YUKOS is based
According to long-term strategy YUKOS`s basic growth of manufacture was came on light
petroleum.
In the structure of selling petroleum YUKOS`s
the basic accent is made on a home market, this is explained by a
favorable conjuncture in the Russian Federation. At the same time on export
it is necessary about 30 % on all sales of petroleum.
The essential growth of manufacture has allowed an increase
in volume of petroleum in the Russian market by 22 % - up to 16,9 mln
tons.
Share (%) of YUKOS in deliveries on a home market:
|
1999 yr.
|
2000 yr.
|
Petroleums
|
15,8
|
18
|
Diesel fuel
|
14,7
|
19,2
|
The projects, contracts and plans of the company
YUKOS has concluded many contracts. Among partners of
the company are such giants of economy as Microsoft
and SINOPEC. The company searches for the new partners for
increase of a zone of influence, that inevitably entails increase of the
profit. The partnership specifies Long-term business, possibly the company will lose
small quantity of money
now, but in eventuallity will return more than its expenses.
YUKOS continues looking
abroad for
opportunities for development of the market. The example it is served
with recent signing of the important contracts between YUKOS
and Chinese petrochemical corporation (SINOPEC) and Chinese national petroleum
corporation (CNPC) - conducting Chinese oil refining enterprises and importers.
Within the framework of these agreements YUKOS within 2001 did put up to 2 mln. tons of
crude oil to CNPC and SINOPEC.
Last year the Company achieved appreciable
successes in expansion of sales of petroleum on a home market, by opening new factories in regions of East Siberia, the Far
East and Northern Caucasus. Therefore in the first quarter of 2001 the
marketing policy was directed on fastening of positions in the
new markets and increase of a share of sales through its own
retail network. Standard items on a home market has increased by 10%.
Having sufficient volumes of petroleum for performance of the
obligations and maintenance of the consumers inside Russia, YUKOS in
its 1st quarter of
the year actively increased
export of petroleum. For 3 months it has grown by 56 % (in comparison with the
similar period of 2000). The actual planned rate of growth was 18%. The
preparation of the first long-term contracts on export of petroleum began at
this time.
The priority project in the field of export of petroleum for YUKOS is
the project of export in China. The civil-engineering design of an oil
pipeline from Russia to China has received political support from governments
of both countries, that gives additional guarantees to the participants of its
realization. The Chinese side has expressed desire independently to finance
construction of the Chinese site of the pipeline. Finishing of construction on the oil pipeline is expected
in 2005. In the same year its operation will begin: at the first stage
(2005-2010 yrs.) the agreement provides annual deliveries in China in volume 20
mln. tons, at the second stage (2010-2030 yrs.) - 30 mln. tons of
petroleum.
The petroleum company YUKOS and computer corporation Microsoft have
signed the general agreement on cooperation till 2003.
Under the agreement, YUKOS will use as the corporate standard the most
progressive decisions from Microsoft in server area of
technology, operational systems and appendices, and also corporate mail.
In turn, Microsoft will carry out in the relation to YUKOS
preferential license policy, to provide with the necessary information on
new products and technologies of computer corporation, and also carry out
training the experts of the petroleum company. According to the agreement
between YUKOS and Microsoft, in all enterprises and divisions of
the petroleum company the uniform standard of information system will be
entered. As a platform of uniform information system YUKOS is a
Microsoft Windows 2000 operational system and service of the catalogues Active
Directory will be used.
The project provides installing Windows 2000 on all Moscow offices of YUKOS,
including more than 1000 computers and 40 servers. At the Moscow offices of YUKOS
all works were executed in 2000. In 2001 was planned to realize the similar projects in
regions.
Now, the corporate network YUKOS is one of most powerful and large in Russia.
It includes more than 5 thousand users and 110 networkmaking servers.
Within the coming three years YUKOS is going to invest about 10 mln dollars
in conclusion with the Microsoft corporation to introduce their
information technologies. The realization signed with Microsoft of this
agreement will allow YUKOS to reduce its operational charges and
lower its expenses for support systems by more
than 15 %.
Within the framework of policy on active development of export directions,
essentially new to the Russian petroleum, YUKOS in the middle of October, 2000 has announced about
signing an agreement with Croatian oil-exporting company JANAF (Jadranski Naftovod). The agreement provides
modernization of an oil pipeline "Adriya" in Croatia within the framework of its
integration with an oil pipeline "Friendship". This project will
allow the Company to transport petroleum on
the coast of the Adriatic sea
without a intermediate point
of changing transport, which
sharply increases cost of export.
The petroleum Company YUKOS and firm TECHNIP, one of the conducting
companies of the world specializing on granting engineering and project-building
services in area of oil and gasextracting, YUKOS have signed agreement on cooperation on
arrangement of petroleum and gas deposits and development pipelined
systems in January, 2001.
According to the signed document, TECHNIP together with our Company will develop the
separate projects, to give project-building services and to carry out deliveries
of the equipment in the field of production, processing and transportation of chemicals (carbon + hydrogen).
The first works within the framework of the agreement will concern
ground structures and pipelined systems in the
Tomsk area, where YUKOS is
aimingto considerably to increase production, to increase
efficiency of the equipment and to finish it up to a level of the world
standards.
"We are going to use the newest of TECHNIP in the sphere
of repairing and adjustmenting pipelined systems for improvement of an ecological
situation in our regions " - the Chairman of Government of YUKOS Mikhail Khodorkovskiy has emphasized.
The petroleum company YUKOS and company UOP Services Limited, is the largest
engineering company specializing on licensing of oil refining and
petrochemical technologies, granting engineering
services and delivery of
catalysts for oil processing, on April 11, 2001 signed agreement on technical
consultation in the field of introduction of modern technologies of processing
of petroleum and perfection of the industrial circuits, included in structure of YUKOS.
The company UOP Services Limited will make 1,5 mln dollars
for this work
The cooperation with UOP Services Limited in realization of tests both
researches of samples of raw material and products will promote increase of the
operational characteristics used by YUKOS of the process equipment, increase the
output of light petroleum, hign-oktanum petroleum and products of petrochemical processes.
Besides UOP Services Limited will develop the program of training of
the personnel of an oil refining complex of the Company and improvement of
professional skill of the experts of the
plants.
The petroleum company YUKOS and Williams International signed an agreement on June 15, 2001 on cooperation, according to which up
to the middle of September it is planned to finish
all operations on the purchase of
YUKOS` shares of oil refining
concern Mazeikiu Nafta as a new issue. As a result of this agreement
Williams International and YUKOS become the partners.
The YUKOS company will posess 26,85 % of the shares of Mazeikiu
Nafta. Besides within the framework of this agreement of the party will sign
the contract about annual deliveries by our Company about 5 mln. tons of
petroleum on Madgeskyayskiy oil-refining
plant. YUKOS also will give the
credit for 75 mln. US dollars to Mazeikiu Nafta.
Results
Thus, the oil-extracting company YUKOS
- one of the conducting companies
in this branch - is a good example of structure of a Hierarchy-organosation type, it is the company aspiring to increase the income, by
improvement of quality of its goods and reduction of its price, thus
keeping its image. The
number of the contracts with
other companies, as oil-extracting, and engineering
ones, shows the long
term of the company. YUKOS - company, which despite of all last events
continues to participate actively in life of a society and looking
for new buyers.
How was the report
compiled
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Yukos.
Research and analysis of structure of the company.
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