Exercises on lexicon and the English grammar
Exercises on lexicon and the English grammar
Завдання 1
Complete
the dialogues
1. Telephone
Conversation with the British Firm – 1 person (I) in Present or Future
Indefinite Tense, Active Voice;
-
Continental Equipment. Can I help you?
-
I’d like to speak to Mr. Cartwright?
-
Mr. Cartwright? Who’s calling, please?
-
This is Victor Klimenko, from TST
Systems.
-
Hold on, please. I’ll find out if he is
in.
-
What is it, Miss Elliot?
-
Mr. Klimenko want’s to talk to you, sir.
-
I’m very busy at the moment. Ask him to
phone later.
-
Yes, sir.
-
Oh … wait a minute, Miss Elliot. Who is
Mr. Klimenko?
-
He said he was from TST Systems.
-
From TST System? … Oh, ask him what his
telephone number is. I’ll ring him back.
-
Hello? Is that TST Systems?
-
Yes
-
This is John Cartwright from Continental
Equipment. May I speak to Mr. Klimenko?
-
Yes. Klimenko speaking … .
-
Did you want to speak to me?
-
Yes, Mr. Cartwright. I’m the new
Commercial Director of TST Systems. I’ve pleasure in informing you that we
carefully studied your materials and decided to accept your proposal.
-
Thank you. Mr. Klimenko. Goodbye.
-
Goodbye Mr. Cartwright.
2. The
contract – in Past Tense, Passive Voice;
Continental
Equipment Plc, Brighton, England, hereinafter referred to as “the Seller”, on
the one part, and TST Systems Ltd., Kiev, Ukraine, hereinafter referred to as
“the Buyer”, on the other part, have concluded the present Contract as follows:
Subject
of the Contact
The
Seller has sold and the Buyer has bought the machinery, equipment, materials, and
services (Equipment) as listed in Appendix I being an integral part of this
Contact.
Завдання 2
Find
equivalents
1. medium
of exchange - ж) засіб обміну
2. measure
of value - і) міра
вартості
3. store
of value - а) запас
вартості
4. to
be any substance -
з) бути будь-якою річчю
5.
to
issue money
-
и) випускати гроші в обіг
6. modern
money - д) сучасні
гроші
7. to
go out of circulation -
ї) виходити з обігу
8. paper/soft
money - г) паперові
гроші
9. money
supply - є) грошова
маса
10. to
express worth - е) виражена
вартість
11. to
be converted - в) бути
конвертованим
12. payment
-
б) плата, платіж
Завдання 3
Translate
into English
1. Якби
автомобіль не їхав так швидко, нещасного випадку не сталося б.
2. Якщо
він не прийде завтра, надішліть йому телеграму.
3. Якщо
я буду там і побачу його, я скажу йому про це.
4. Цього
б не сталося, якби ви були там.
5. Йому
доведеться піти в лікарню завтра, якщо йому не буде ліпше.
6. Було
б дуже люб’язно з вашого боку, якби ви могли це зробити для мене.
7. Чому
ви не покликали його? Я певен, що він прийшов би, якби його покликали.
8. Мені
потрібно було багато часу, щоб перекласти цю статтю. Якби ви мені дали хороший
словник, я б витратив менше часу.
9. Вона
б не губила гроші так часто, якби не була такою неуважною.
10. Якби
ви сіли на більш ранній поїзд, ми б змогли подорожувати разом.
11. Якби
я знав, що він завтра прийде, я б не поїхав сьогодні ввечері до нього.
12. Якби
я був певен, що він уже повернувся до Києва, я б поїхав до нього зараз.
13. Якби
ви сказали нам кілька днів тому, що у вас є цей довідник, ми б попросили вас
дати нам його на певний час.
14. Якби
я знав його адресу, я б написав йому зараз, що ви згодні допомогти йому.
15. Куди
б ви пішли, якби були зараз вільні?
Переклад
1. If
the car hadn’t driven so fast, the accident wouldn’t happened.
2. If
he doesn’t come tomorrow, send him a telegram.
3. If
I am there, and see him, I shall tell him about it.
4. It
wouldn’t have happened, if you had been there.
5. He
will go to the hospital tomorrow, if he doesn’t feel better.
6. It
would be very polite, if you could do this for me.
7. Why
didn’t you call him? I’m sure that he would come, if you called him.
8. I
had to use much time to translate this article. If you had given me a good
dictionary, I should have spent less time.
9. She
didn’t lose her money so often, if she wouldn’t be so inattentive.
10. If
you took the earlier train, we should be able to travel together.
11. If
I knew that he would come tomorrow, I shouldn’t have gone to him today evening.
12. If
I was sure that he had returned to Kyiv, I should go to him now.
13. If
you had told us a few days ago, that you had this reference book, we should have
asked you to give it to us for a while.
14. If
I had his address I should write him now that you were agree to help him.
15. Where
would you go, if you were free now?
Завдання
4
Open
the brackets, using the correct form of the Participle
1. He
didn’t pay any attention to the ringing telephone.
2. The
method followed by scientists was not simple
3. Having
found no one at home he went to his neighbours.
4. This
is the book being so much spoken about.
5. A
letter lying on the table must be posted.
6. Having
obtained new results, they decided to publish them.
7. Never
having visited the place before, she got lost.
8. The
house being built at the corner of the street will be a library.
9. You
needn’t repeat the lesson so well having been remembered by everybody.
10. He
sat in a comfortable armchair smoking a cigarette.
11. Having
read half the book, he fell asleep.
12. Having
realized that she had missed the train the woman began to walk slowly.
13. It
being very cold, they made a fire.
14. The
book taken from Petrenko is very interesting.
Завдання
5
Past
Simple - Past Continuous
1. Last
year I decided to go to England for my holydays.
2. When
I left Kyiv it was raining, but when I arrived in London it was clearing up.
3. A
cold wind blew from the sea.
4. I
went to my hotel by bus. As soon as I sighed in I saw a friend of mine from
Ukraine.
5. She
stayed at the same hotel.
6. In
the afternoon we went shopping.
7. Street
traders sold souvenirs.
8. We
listened to their chatter trying to understand them.
Завдання 6
Put
the sentences into Direct Speech with appropriate punctuation
1. He
asked what the weather had
been like during my
holiday , and I
said
that it had been awful”.
2. Bill
asked what country I came from.
3. I
asked if I should write to Ann.
4. She
asked him not to interrupt her.
5. I
begged to make the coffee a bit stronger.
6. Ann
said not to wait for her if she was late.
7. I
asked her if she would like to borrow the book but she thanked me and said that
she had already read it and had not liked it very much.
8. I
stopped a man in the street and asked him to help me with my car.
Direct
Speech
1. He
asked: “What
the weather was
like during your
holiday?”
, and I
said:
«That
it was awful».
2. Bill
asked: “What country do you came from?”
3. I
asked: “Shall I write Ann?”
4. She
asked him: “Don’t interrupt me”.
5. I
begged: “Make the coffee a bit stronger”.
6. Ann
said: “Don’t wait for me if I am late”.
7. I
asked her: “Would you like to borrow the book”, but she thanked me and said:
“I’ve already read it and didn’t like it very much”.
8. I
stopped a man in the street and asked: “Help me with my car, please”.
Завдання 7
Translate
into English
1.
Він сказав, що повинен зробити цю роботу
сам.
2.
Лікар не велів мені виходити кілька
днів.
3.
Я спитав, чи прийде він сюди ввечері, і
він сказав, що прийде.
4.
Він щойно сказав, що він повністю
задоволений результатами нашої роботи.
5.
Я запитав її, чи іде дощ. Вона
відповіла, що йде.
6.
Лікар звелів йому кинути курити.
7.
Запитайте його, чи погодиться він
допомогти нам.
8.
Я не був упевнений, що цю роботу буде
зроблено вчасно.
9.
Ніхто не розумів, чому вона відмовилася
від такої цікавої пропозиції.
Переклад
1. He
said that he should do
this jod himself.
2. The
doctor didn’t allow
me to go out for several
days.
3. I
asked if he would come
here in the evening, and he said
he would .
4. He
has just
said that he’s
completely satisfied by the results of our work.
5. I
asked her if it
was raining.
She asked
that it was.
6. The
doctor ordered him to stop
smoking.
7. Ask
him whether he will agree
to help us.
8. I
wasn’t sure that this
job would
be done in time.
9. Nobody
understood why she refused
such an
interesting proposition.
Завдання
8
Use
the correct form of the Gerund. Add a preposition if necessary
1. I
think I’ll have a chance of introducing you to my friends.
2. Boys
always enjoy swimming.
3. I’ve
just had the pleasure having introduced to your sister.
4. She
insisted on helping me.
5. They
had much difficulty of finding the house.
6. I
have no intention of staying here any longer.
7. He
is afraid of catching cold.
8. She
had to leave the house by having seen by anybody.
9. Are
you fond of playing chess?
10. He
is engaged having written a book.
11. I
think of going to the south in summer.
12. The
rain prevented me from coming.
13. Tom
is proud of doing an important work.
14. There
is no possibility of finding his address.
Завдання
9
Insert
prepositions where necessary
1. He
succeeded in getting what he wanted.
2. This
prevented the letter from being sent off.
3. He
has a strange habit of drinking strong tea in the evening.
4. They
insisted on our beginning the negotiations at once.
5. He
left the house by waking anyone.
6. There
is no excuse of his doing such a thing.
7. We
have heard of the agreement having been reached.
8. Have
you the means of helping him now?
9. You
can improve your knowledge of English by reading more.
10. He
has had very much experience of teaching.
11. By
receiving the telegram I phoned to my brother.
12. We
were informed of their taking part in this work.
Завдання
10
1. Is
there anybody here who can introduce me to the President of the company.
2. Jorge
Lopez. I seem to remember that name. Isn’t he the man whom we owe the check to?
3. We
are prepared to reduce the price of the toothpaste because is approaching its
sell-by date.
4. They
take on extra staff at Easter. That’s the time of the year when they are at
their busiest.
5. I’m
talking about the advertisement that appeared in Kiev Post of March 26.
6. I’m
looking for the person whose coat’s lying on my desk.
7. We
are searching for a place where we can have a new office.
8. Do
you remember that restaurant in Paris where we had such a good time.
Завдання
11
Passive
Voice
1. We
could not cancel the order because they had already sent it.
We
could not cancel the order because it had already been sent.
2. The
inflation influenced our business in the Middle East very badly.
Our
business in the Middle East was influenced by the inflation.
3. They
will make their advertisement soon.
Their
advertisement will be made soon.
4. We
are printing our catalogues by Friday this week.
Our
catalogues are being printed by Friday this week.
5. We
make the compressors for those machines here.
The
compressors for those machines are made here.
Завдання
12
Put
the verbs in brackets into the Gerund or Infinitive
1.
I am looking forward to see you.
2.
We arrange meeting them here.
3.
I wish to see the manager.
4.
It’s no use to wait.
5.
Don’t forget to lock the door before
going to bed.
6.
My mother told me not to speak to anyone
about it.
7.
He tried to explain but she refused to
listen.
8.
I’m beginning to understand what you
mean.
9.
Most people prefer spending money to
earning it.
10. The
boys like to play games but they hate to do lessons.
11. I
know my hair wants being out but I never have time to go to the hairdresser’s.
12. After
having heard the conditions I decided not to enter for the competition.
c)
1.
If I had a map, I would have been all right.
2.
If I had realized that the traffic lights were red, I should have stopped.
3.
If I had been ready when he called, he would have taken me with him.
4.
If you had arrived a little earlier, you would have found me there.
5.
If you had prepared for the exam more thouroughly, you would have get a better
mark.
6.
The man would have been killed if the train hadn’t stopped quickly.
7.
If I had been in your place, I should not have said this.
8.
If he had known that the river was dangerous, he wouldn’t have tried to swim
across it.
9.
If he hadn’t lost his spectacles, he would have been able to finish this work
in time.
10.
I should have called you up yesterday if I had been in town.
d)
1.
You’ll get pneumonia if you don’t change your wet clothes.
2.
If she hadn’t changed so much, I should have recognized her.
3.
If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which would you choose?
4.
If you had read the instructions carefully, you wouldn’t have answered the wrong
question.
5.
If I had been ready when he called, he would have taken me with him.
6.
If I had been you, I should have appologised to her.
7.
We should have stayed at home if we had known he was coming.
8.
They wouldn’t believe me if I told them this.
Завдання
13
The
third factor of production is capital – the tools, equipment and factories used
in production of goods and services. It is a produced factor of production, a
durable input which is itself an output of the economy. For example, we build a
textile factory and use it to produce shirts, or assemble a computer and then
employ it in educating students.
As
noted earlier, such items are also called capital goods. This is to distinguish
them from financial capital, the money used to buy the tools and equipment used
in production.
Capital
is unique in that, it is the result of production. A bulldozer may be an
example of capital goods used in construction. At the same time, it was
manufactured in a factory which makes it the result of earlier production.
When
the three inputs – land, labour and capital – are present, production or the
process of creating goods and services, can take
place. Even the production of the service called education requires the presence
of land, labour and capital.
Entrepreneurship,
the managerial or organizational skills needed by most firms to produce goods
and services, is the fourth factor of production. The entrepreneur brings
together the other three factors of production – land, labour and capital. When
they are successful, entrepreneurs earn profits, the return or reward for the
risks, innovative ideas and efforts put into the business. When they are not
successful, they suffer losses.
Переклад
Третім
фактором виробництва є капітал - інструменти, обладнання і фактори, що
використовуються для виробництва товарів і послуг. Це виробничий фактор, тривале
використання якого створює продукт економіки. Наприклад, ми будуємо текстильну
фабрику з метою виробництва сорочок, або збираємо комп’ютер, а потім
використовуємо його для навчання студентів.
На
основі цього можна сказати, що такі фактори ми називаємо виробничим капіталом. Це
відрізняє їх від фінансового капіталу, грошей, використаних для покупки
інструментів та обладнання, що використовуються у виробництві.
Капітал
унікальний тим, що він є результатом виробництва. Бульдозер може бути прикладом
виробничого капіталу, що використовуються у виробництві. У той же час, він був
виготовлений на фабриці, що робить його результатом попереднього виробництва.
Коли
три фактори - земля, праця і капітал використовуються, виникає процес
виробництва чи створення товарів та послуг. Навіть надання послуг вимагає
використання землі, праці і капіталу.
Підприємницькі,
управлінські чи організаційні здібності є необхідними на більшості
підприємствах для того щоб виробляти товари чи надавати послуги, і вони є
четвертим фактором виробництва. Підприємець об’єднує три фактори виробництва –
землю, працю, капітал. Коли це поєднання є успішним, підприємці отримують
прибуток, винагорода за ризик, інноваційні ідеї та зусилля, вкладені у бізнес.
Коли це поєднання не є успішним, вони зазнають збитків.
Література
1. Гапон
Ю.А. Business English. Англійська
мова для ділового спілкування. Інтенсивний курс. Навчальний посібник з
англійської мови. – К.: Видавництво Європ. університету, 2004-230с.
2. Богацкий
И. С., Дюканова Н. М. Бизнес-курс английского языка. – 5-е изд., испр. – К.:
«Логос», 2001. – 352 с.
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